By Carl H. Peterson Copyright 2002

Queen's Megaron

1. Western monumental entrance
2. Western monumental entrance
3. Lightwell and corridor in Palace (columns and shield paintings restored)
4. View into light well of the palace
5. The so-called "Queen's Megaron" with floor painting of dolphins incorrectly restored as wall painting
6. Corridor on west side of palace
7. Monumental stairs into palace
8. Terracotta drain running under pavement excavations showing channels for running water
9. Theatral area on southeast side
10. Storage magazines
11. "Lustral Basin"
12. The "Horns of Consecration" (restored)
13. Palace ruins with hills of Crete in background
14. The "Throne Room"
15. Central courtyard with column bases
16. Central courtyard
17. Theatral araa
18. Megaron
19. View into Lustral basin in Megaron
20. View into Lustral basin in Megaron
21. Storage area where Phaistos Disk was found
22. These are remains of a Bronze Age town on the northeastern coast of Crete.
23. Situated on the slopes of hills overlooking the sea, Gournia's narrow, sometimes stepped streets crisscross the hillside and give access to houses with tiny rooms, the walls of which were made of water-smoothed rocks. At the top of the hill was a larger, more elegant structure that may have been the "palace" of a ruler.
24. Storage pithos (clay)
25. Rhyton in shape of bull's head
26. The Harvester Vase (steatite)
27. Larnax (coffin) in the shape of a bathtub, Iraklion, Archaeological Museum
28. Larnax (coffin) Iraklion, Archaeological Museum
29. "Ritual object" (?) from Phaistos
30. Faience snake "goddess," probably priestess (Iraklion, Archaeological Museum)
31. Faience snake "goddess," probably a priestess (Iraklion, Archaeological Museum)
32. Olpe (wine jug) with grass motif painted Cretan sarcophagus (Iraklion, Archaeological Museum
34. Kamares beaked olpe (pre-Palatial)
35. Marine style jug with Octopus
36. Ceramic Mycenaean "goddesses" (Iraklion, Archaeological Museum).
37. Poppy "goddess" (Helladic period)
38. Poppy goddesses (Late Helladic period)

The Citadel at Mycenae

39. The Citadel at Mycenae
40. The Citadel at Mycenae
41. The Citadel at Mycenae
42. Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae (c1300 BC)
43. Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae (c1300 BC)

Acropolis Museum

95. Peplos Kore (c530 BC) polychromed marble (Athens, Acropolis Museum)
96. Ionian Kore, Acropolis Museum, Polychromed marble
97. Kore from Chios (c510 BC) polychromed marble (Athens, Acropolis Museum)
98. Marble copy of Phidias's cult statue of Athena from the Parthenon, known as the Varvakeion Athena
99. Wounded Amazons, copies after originals known to have been created by Polykleitos and Phidias for competition won by Polykleitos in Ephesos (?)(left: Rome, Vatican Museums) (right: Metropolitan Museum, New York)
100.Attributed to Timotheos, Naiad acroterion from Temple of Asklepios at Epidauros
101.Caryatids from the Porch of the Maidens, Erechtheion, Acropolis, Athens
102.Funerary Stele for an Athenian woman from the Kerameikos Cemetary, late 5th century BC (Athens, National Archaeological Museum)
103.Stele of Hegeso from the Kerameikos Cemetary(c410)
104.Funerary Stele for a woman late 5th century BC (Athens, National Archaeological Museum)
105.Nike fastening sandal, from the parapet of the Temple to Athena Nike, Acropolis (c410)
106.Aphrodite and Pan (Athens, Archaeological Museum)
107.Aphrodite (Venus) of Doidalsas (Paris, Louvre) mid 3rd century BC
108.After Knidian Aphrodite of Praxiteles, Medici Aphrodite, marble (Florence, Uffizi)
109.Aphrodite of Melos, second century BC (Paris, Louvre)
110.Aphrodite of Melos, second century BC (Paris, Louvre)
111.Nike of Samothrace, 240-190 BC (Paris, Louvre)
112.Old Market woman (New York, Metropolitan Museum)
113.Female figure from Delos (2nd century BC)
114.Artemis (Diana) of Ephesos (Vatican)
115.Artemis of Ephesos (Ephesos)

Athens, National Museum

116.Aristodikos, grave marker (Athens, National Museum
117.The "Rampin Horseman" (with copy of original head in now Louvre), Athens, Acropolis Museum
118.The "Rampin Horseman" (with copy of original head in now Louvre), Athens, Acropolis Museum
119.Kleobis and Biton, the "Twins," Delphi Museum
120.Kroisos from Anavyssos, grave marker (c540-515 BC) (Athens, National Museum)
121.Kroisos from Anavyssos, grave marker (c540-515 BC) (Athens, National Museum)
122.Kroisos from Anavyssos, grave marker (c540-515 BC) (Athens, National Museum)
123.Kritios (c480 BC) marble (Athens, Acropolis Museum)
124.The "Bluebeards," from the pediment of the destroyed Hekatompedon (Acropolis Museum, Athens) c560 BC polychromed limestone
125.The "Bluebeards," from the pediment of the destroyed Hekatompedon (Acropolis Museum, Athens) c560 BC polychromed limestone
126.Athena from the Peisistratid Temple to Athena on the Acropolis (Athens, Acroplis Museum) c520 BC
127.Warriors from the east pediment, Peisistratid Temple to Athena on the Acropolis. (Athens, Acropolis Museum) c520 BC) Parian marble
128.Zeus Abducting Ganymede, Olympia (c470 BC) polychromed terracotta acroterion from the Temple of Zeus

Rome, National Museum

141. Discobolos (c450 BC) Roman marble copy after bronze original (Rome, National Museum)
142. Discobolos (c450 BC) Roman marble copy after bronze original (Rome, National Museum)
143. Attributed to Myron, Athena and Marsyas group (Vatican Museums) marble copy after 5th century BC original
144. Doryphoros (The Canon, or Spear Carrier) marble, c450 BC (Vatican Museums)
145. Diadoumenos, or the Fillet Binder (Roman copy after bronze original c.450)
146. Wounded Amazon, copies after originals known to have been created by Polykleitos and Phidias for competition won by Polykleitos in Ephesos (?)(left: Rome, Vatican Museums) (right: Metropolitan Museum, New York)
147. Niobid, from a sculptural group (Vatican Museums)
148. Funerary Stele for a woman, from Piraeus (c 370BC) (Athens, National Archaeological Museum)
149. Attributed to Praxiteles, Hermes with the Infant Dionysos at Olympia (c340 BC) marble copy(?) after marble or bronze original
150. Praxiteles, Apollo Sauroctonios (The Lizard-killer) Roman copy after 4th century Greek original (Rome, Vatican Museums)
151. Praxiteles, Crouching Aphrodite or so-called "Venus of Doidalsas" (Paris, Louvre) mid 3rd century BC
152. Praxiteles, Medici Aphrodite, copy after Aphrodite of Knidos marble (Florence, Uffizi)
153. Bronze figure from Marathon
154. Attributed to Euphranor, Bronze figure (Paris?) found at Antikythera (Athens, National Museum, c340 BC)
155. Attributed to Timotheos, Pedimental group of Amazons Battling Greeks, from from Temple of Asklepios at Epidauros, c340
156. Attributed to Timotheos, Naiad on horseback, acroterion from Temple of Asklepios at Epidauros, c340 BC
157. Apoxyomenos ("The Scraper") Roman marble copy after c330 bronze original (Rome, Vatican Museums)
158. Lysippos,
159. Lysippos, Burned marble copy of the bronze Herakles (another copy known as the Herakles Farnese is in Naples) (courtyard of the National Museum, Athens)
160. Attributed to Leochares, The Apollo Belvedere (Rome, Vatican Museums)
161. Dying Gaul from Monument to Attalos II, Pergamon (Roman marble copy after c240 bronze, Rome, Capitoline Museum)
162. Agesander, Athanodorus and Polydoros, The Laocöon Group (Rome, Vatican Museums)
163. Aphrodite of Melos, second century BC (Paris, Louvre)
164. Nike of Samothrace, 240-190 BC (Paris, Louvre)
165. Old Market woman (New York, Metropolitan Museum)
166. Apollonios, Seated Boxer (Rome, Museo delle Terme)
167. The Belvedere Torso (Rome, Vatican Museums)
168. "Spinario," Rome, Museo Conservatori (bronze)
169. Satyr with Infant Dionysos (Rome, Vatican Museums)
170. Standing Satyr (Rome, Vatican Museums)
171. Female figure from Delos (2nd century BC)
172. Artemis of Ephesos sculpture (Vatican Museums)
173. Artemis of Ephesos sculpture (Ephesos, Turkey)
174. Aphrodite pursued by Pan (National Museum, Athens
175. Mithras
176. Boy Strangling a Goose, Roman copy (?) after Hellenistic original (Vatican Museums)
177. Funerary marker in shape of a lekythos (oil container) with relief carving 4th century (Athens, National Museum)



178. Orpheus and the animals (Athens, National Museum)
179. Relief of Horse and African Groom (Athens, National Museum)
180. The "Young" Centaur (Rome, Conservatori Museum) bronze
181. Monument to Philopappos on the Areopagus, Athens (114-116 AD) built in honor of C. Julius Antiochus Philopappos
182. Acropolis seen from the Areopagus
183. The Temple to Athena Nike
184. View of south side of Acropolis with Odeion of Herodes Atticus
185. View of Propylaia and Parthenonfrom the Areopagus
186. reconstructed view
187. east front
188. The Doric frieze with Lapiths and Centaurs
189. Fluting on Doric Columns
190. The West Pediment, north gable
191. The West Pediment, south gable
192. CORNER CONTRACTION
193. Marble copy of Phidias's cult statue of Athena from the Parthenon (The Varvakeion statue)
194. The "Three Goddesses" from the east pediment (London, British Museum)
195. Metope relief from the Parthenon showing a Lapith fighting a Centaur
230. The Propylaia
231. The Erechtheion, Acropolis

METEORA

232. METEORA
233. Mt PELION
234. Mt PELION
235. CORINTH
236. DELPHI
237. ACROPOLIS
238. PAROS
239. PAROS

SANTORINI

240.SANTORINI
241.SANTORINI
242.SANTORINI
243.SANTORINI
244.SANTORINI
245.SANTORINI
246.PATMOS
247.PATMOS
248.RHODES
249.RHODES
250.ATISPALEA
251.SYMI
252.ANAFI
253.IOS

OSSIOS LOUKAS

254.OSSIOS LOUKAS
255.OSSIOS LOUKAS
256.OSSIOS LOUKAS
257.OSSIOS LOUKAS
258.Corinth Canal
259.Temple of Zeus
260.Acropolis
261.Greek Dance Show on the Acropolis
262.Lycabettos Hill with view of the Acropolis
263. And then we have our Grand Carnival Parade, this year on Sunday, March 17th again with over 4.000 masked paraders
264. Visitors will be coming from all over Crete, from Athens and other parts of Greece to see this parade and of course their friends and relatives in Rethymno and to have fun on a beautiful sunny carnival weekend.

Ancient Aegean

265. Crete, Minoan, "Palace of Minos", Knossos: N. Propylaea [view from SE.], orig. ca. 16th century B.C. [20th century reconstruction by Sir Arthur Evans]
266. "Palace of Minos", Knossos: N. Propylaea [view from SE.], orig. ca. 16th century B.C. [20th century reconstruction by Sir Arthur Evans]
267. "Palace of Minos", Knossos: S. Propylaea with bull's-horn altar [R. foreground], orig. ca. 16th century B.C. [20th century reconstruction by Sir Arthur Evans]
268. "Palace of Minos," Knossos: S. Propylaea with bull's-horn altar [R. foreground], orig. ca. 16th century B.C. [20th century reconstruction by Sir Arthur Evans]
269. "Palace of Minos," Knossos: West wing, underground magazine with storage pithoi, ca. 1700-1450 B.C.
270. Tholos ("beehive") tomb (called the "Treasury of Atreus"): dromos and entrance, view from E., ca. 1300 B.C.
271. Tholos ("beehive") tomb (called the "Treasury of Atreus"): detail, entrance showing post & lintel construction with relieving triangle above, ca. 1300 B.C.
272. Tholos ("beehive") tomb (called the "Treasury of Atreus"): interior, detail of corbelled vault, ca. 1300 B.C.
273. Citadel, Tiryns: interior, corbelled gallery in East ramparts, ca. 13th century B.C.
274. Citadel, Tiryns: interior, corbelled gallery in East ramparts, ca. 13th century B.C.

Greek, Archaic

275. Basilica" (Temple of Hera I): [L. foreground]. ca. 550-530 B.C.; Temple of Poseidon (Temple of Hera II): [R. background], view from SE..ca. 460 B.C.
276. "Basilica" (Temple of Hera I): view from NE..ca. 550-530 B.C.
277. "Basilica" (Temple of Hera I): view from SE. (E.colonnade). ca. 550-530 B.C.
278. "Basilica" (Temple of Hera I): detail of colonnade, SE. corner. ca. 550-530 B.C.
279. "Basilica" (Temple of Hera I): detail of entasis, wide echinus and abacus of Archaic-style Doric capital.ca. 550-530 B.C.
280. Temple of Poseidon (Temple of Hera II): detail of Archaic-style Doric capital with wide echinus. ca. 550-530 B.C.
281. Temple of Poseidon (Temple of Hera II): view from SE.. ca. 460 B.C.
282. Temple of Poseidon (Temple of Hera II): E. facade. ca. 460 B.C.
283. Temple of Poseidon (Temple of Hera II): interior, detail of double colonnade of cella, view from SE. ca. 460 B.C.
284. Temple of Aphaia Aegina: view from E. ca. 500-490 B.C
285. Fallen Warrior: figure from R. angle of W. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
286. Fallen Warrior: detail of figure from R. angle of W. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
287. Fallen Warrior: detail, head of figure from R. angle of W. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
288. Herakles as Archer: figure from R. angle of E. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
289. Dying Warrior: figure from L. angle of E. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
290. Dying Warrior: detail of figure from L. angle of E. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
291. Dying Warrior: detail of figure from L. angle of E. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
292. Dying Warrior: detail, head of figure from L. angle of E. pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. ca. 500-490 B.C.
293. Delphi: site view from NW.: Theatre of Apollo [foreground], ca. mid-4th century B.C. Temple of Apollo [C.], orig. mid-6th century B.C. (rebuilt 366-326 B.C.).
294. Temple of Apollo, Delphi: view from NW., (Alkmeionid E. front, 513-505 B.C.; rebuilt 366-326 B.C.). ca. orig. mid-6th century B.C. (rebuilt 366-326 B.C.)
295. Temple of Apollo, Delphi: view from NW., (Alkmeionid E. front, 513-505 B.C.; rebuilt 366-326 B.C.). ca. orig. mid-6th century B.C. (rebuilt 366-326 B.C.)
296. Temple of Apollo, Delphi: view from NW., (Alkmeionid E. front, 513-505 B.C.; rebuilt 366-326 B.C.). ca. orig. mid-6th century B.C. (rebuilt 366-326 B.C.)
297. Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi: Gigantomachy: Kybele's chariot, detail [L. portion] from N. frieze ca. 525 B.C.
298. Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi: Gigantomachy: Kybele's chariot, detail [L. portion] from N. frieze ca. 525 B.C. 299.
299. Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi: Gigantomachy: Kybele's lion attacks a Giant, detail [L. portion] from N. frieze ca. 525 B.C.
300. Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi: Gigantomachy: Apollo and Artemis with Dionysos(?), detail [L. portion] from N. frieze. ca. 525 B.C.

GREEK: CLASSICAL - HELLENISTIC

301. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. B-G] Helios Chariot, Dionysos (or Herakles?); Demeter, Kore, and Artemis (or Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite?). ca. 438-432 B.C.
302. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Fig. D] Dionysos (or Herakles?). ca. 438-432 B.C.
303. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. E, F, G] Demeter and Kore, Artemis (or Hestia, Dione, Aphrodite?). ca. 438-432 B.C.
304. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. E and F] Demeter and Kore (or Hestia and Dione?). ca. 438-432 B.C.
305. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. E and F] Running Goddess (Artemis, or Hebe?). ca. 438-432 B.C.
306. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. E and F] Running Goddess (Artemis, or Hebe?), detail showing drapery carving.
307. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Figs. K, L, M] Three Goddesses (Hestia, Dione and Aphrodite?).
308. Parthenon: E. pediment: [Fig. O] Chariot Horse of Selene.
309. Parthenon: Lapith and Centaur [metope XXVII from S. side].
310. Parthenon: Young Lapith [L. detail, metope XXVII from S. side].
311. Parthenon: Centaur abducting Lapith Woman with Fallen Lapith Man [metope XXVII from S. side].
312. Parthenon: Centaur and Lapith [metope XXX from S. side].
313. Parthenon: W. frieze: Horsemen in the Pan-Athenaic Procession [Figs. 2-3, section II].
314. Parthenon: N. frieze: Horsemen in the Pan-Athenaic Procession [Figs. 107-122, sections XXXV-XXXIX].
315. Parthenon: N. frieze: Horsemen in the Pan-Athenaic Procession [Figs. 113-122, sections XXXVII-XXXIX].
316. Parthenon: N. frieze: Pan-Athenaic Procession [Figs. 130-134, section XLII].
316b. Parthenon: E. frieze: Athena and Hephaestus [Figs. 36-37, section V].
317b. Temple of Athena Nike: view from E..
319. Caryatid: figure from S. portico of the Erechtheum (Acropolis, Athens).
320. Caryatid: detail, upper portion of figure from S. portico of the Erechtheum (Acropolis, Athens).
321. Temple of Apollo Epikourios, Bassae (Phigaleia): Amazonomachy, detail of E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
322. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
323. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of Greek and Amazon from E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
323b. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of Greek attacking Amazon from E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
324. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
325. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of E. frieze (attributed to Skopas?).
326. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: Amazonomachy, detail of Greeks slaying an Amazon from S. frieze (attributed to Timotheus?).
327. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: detail of N. wing, W. side.
328. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: detail of N. wing, W. side, Gigantomachy frieze.
329. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: Zeus battling Three Giants, detail of E. frieze.
330. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: Zeus, detail of E. frieze.
330b. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: Athena seizing the Giant Alcyoneos by the hair, detail of E. frieze.
331. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: Athena seizing the Giant Alcyoneos by the hair, detail of E. frieze.
332. Great Altar of Zeus, Pergamon: Gaea, mother of the Giants, detail of E. frieze.
333. Choragic Monument of Lysicrates:
334. Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia: Tholos:
335. Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia: Tholos: view from SE. in the Marmarium.

GREEK FIGURE SCULPTURE

336. "Lady of Auxerre" Kore figure: detail, head and torso. ca. 640-630 B.C.
337. Hera of Samos ("Cheramyes Hera"). ca. 560 B.C.
338. "Berlin Goddess," Kore from Keratea: ca. 570-560 B.C.
339. Calf-bearer (Moschophoros), : detail, head and shoulders. ca. 560 B.C.
340. Rampin Horseman: head. ca. 550 B.C.
341. "Peplos" Kore: ca. 530 B.C.
342. "Peplos" Kore: detail, R. side showing coiffure. ca. 530 B.C.
343. Kore from Chios: ca. 520-510 B.C.
344. Grave stele of Aristion: ca. 510 B.C.
345. Ephebe ("Kritios Boy"): detail, head and torso ca. 480 B.C.
346. "Charioteer of Delphi": detail, head and torso. ca. 478 B.C.
347. "Charioteer of Delphi": profile view, detail. ca. 478 B.C.
348. Zeus (or Poseidon) of Cape Artemision (Euboea): detail, head and shoulders. ca. 460-450 B.C
349. Nike unbinding her sandal: relief figure from parapet of the Temple of Athena Nike, Athens. ca. 415-410 B.C.
350. Wounded Amazon: Roman copy after a Greek bronze original attributed to Kresilas or Polykleitos (?) for the Sanctuary of Artemis at Ephesus. ca. 450-425 B.C.
351. Grave stele of Hegeso, daughter of Proxenos: late-5th century B.C.
352. Wounded Trumpeter, called the "Dying Gaul": Gallic Trumpeter; Roman marble copy after bronze original figure from commemorative group at Pergamum in Asia Minor. ca. 220 B.C.

Scenes of Minoan and Mycenaean Civilisation

353. The Royal Apartments in the palace of Knossos, on Crete. Note the typical Minoan columns, which taper downwards. This shows the elegance and high civilisation of the uppermost echelons of Minoan society. c. 1600.
354. The so-called 'Throne Room of King Minos'. Note the ancient Griffons, mythical beasts that are half lion and half eagle
355. A more mundane part of the palace - the store room. The jars are typical for the minoans, and were used to store wine and oil.
356. Some Minoans taking part in a 'bull jump'. The dark figure is a man, the lighter figures are women. This is in the east wing of Knossos, about 1500.
357. Gold axes found in the cave of Arkalochori. Called a 'labrys', the double axe was probably a religious symbol related to sacrifice. The palace of Knossos was probably also called the 'house of the double axe', or Labyrinth.
358. An image of the Minoan 'snake goddess'.
359. The Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae, about 13th century B.C.
360. A corbelled gallery in the palace of Tiryns, showing the solidity and strength of Mycenaean fortifications. This passage leads to the storerooms. 13th century B.C.
361. The entryway to the 'Treasury of Atreus', a Tholos tomb. The inside lintel block over the door weighs about 100 tons. The doorway is 18' high.
362. Inside the Tholos tomb, showing its beehive-like structure. It is 44 feet high.
363. The 'Mask of Agamemnon'. A gold burial mask found on an unknown skeleton's face at Mycenae. About 16th century.
364. A sixteenth-century gold wine cup from the upper grave circle, Mycenae.
365. A gold tiara from the same place, found with the remains of a young woman.
366. Fifteenth-century bronze armour from a chamber tomb. The helmet is of boar's tusk.
367. A bronze, inlaid dagger blade from a domed tomb near Pylos. It belonged to a woman. c. 1500.

The Minoan Culture on Crete

368. Throne Room, Knossos Palace, 3000-1100 B.C..
369. Goddess (gold and ivory) 1700-1550 B.C., Boston, Mus.
370. Knossos, c. 1650-1550 B.C.
371. Beaked jug, spiral and lozenge design,1850-1700 B.C., Herakleion Mus.
372. Flying Fishes,(fres.) 2000-1580 B.C., Athens, Nat. Mus.
373. Sacrifice (Sarcophagus) Fr. Hagia Triada, 1400-11-- b.C. Herakleion, Mus.
374. Blue Bird Frescoe
375. Knossos, c. 1300 B.C.
376. Toreador Fresco, 1500 B.C.
377. Palace at Knossos, courtesy British Museum web site

MYCENAEAN (ACHAEAN) CIVILIZATION (1500-1000 BC)

378. The Citadel at Mycenae
379. The Citadel at Mycenae
380. The Citadel at Mycenae
381. Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae (c1300 BC)
382. Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae (c1300 BC)
383. Lion Gate of the Citadel of Mycenae (c1300 BC)
384. The Grave Circle (shaft tomb inside citadel walls)
385. The Grave Circle (shaft tomb inside citadel walls)
386. "Treasury of Atreus" tholos tomb at Mycenae (c1400 BC)
387. "Treasury of Atreus" tholos tomb at Mycenae (c1400 BC)
388. "Treasury of Atreus" tholos tomb at Mycenae (c1400 BC)
389. "Treasury of Atreus" tholos tomb at Mycenae (c1400 BC)
390. "Treasury of Atreus" tholos tomb at Mycenae (c1400 BC)
391. The Citadel at Tiryns
392. The Citadel at Tiryns
393. The Citadel at Tiryns

Mycenae

394. Mycenae
395. Mycenae, Grave Circle, 1580-1500 B.C.
396. Grave Circle
397. Lion's Gate, Outer facade, Mycenae, c. 1350-1330 B.C
398. Lionsgate
399. Inside the Lionsgate
400. Treasury of Atreus, Int. View of Vaulting, 1580-1100 B.C.
401. Treasury door
402. Dome of the Treasury
403. Warrior Vase, 1580-1100 B.C., Athens, Nat. Mus.
404. Lion Hunt ( inlaid blade) 1580-1500 B.C., Athens, Nat. Mus.
405. Vapheio Cups (gold), 1500-1400 B.C., Athens, Nat. Mus.
406. Menalaus and Hector fighting, 2nd VII B.C., London, Brit. Mus.
407. Charioteers, ( fres.), Tiryns Palace, 1400-1100 B.C.
408. Part of the citadel, with the inside of the Lion Gate at far right
409. Looking SW from the citadel towards Argos.

Knossos - The Palace of King Minos

410. The Palace of king Minos - Knossos
411. The south propylaeum is the main entrance to the palace.
412. The palace looks upon the distant Mount Jouctas. This mountain is the sacred place of the mother goddess, source of fertility and life.
413. Goods and material brought up to the palace from the harbor enter through a gate at this guard post. A path under the colonnade leads to the central portions of the palace.
414. In no apparent overall pattern the palace is built around a large central courtyard. The number of rooms probably exceeded 1500.
415. This stairway leads to an upper story in the eastern wing.
416. A room in the west wing built over a crypt. It is a good example of the Minoan mixture of stone and timber construction.
417. South of the palace is this private house with rooms on three floors. The house probably belongs to a nobleman or an official.
418. One typical column is painted red on the shaft and black on the capital. In other columns the shaft is painted black and the capital red. On the wall behind is the fresco relief of the priest-king. Originally this was part of a pillared hall on the south side of the great court.
419. The stepped porch and exterior to the king' throne room. The timber beams emphasize the horizontal sprawling nature of the palace. Large amounts of light, though inevitably shadowed, are brought inside.
420. The antechamber to the throne room. Stone benches line the north and south walls. Notice the gypsum floor. The importance of light and the sense of the exterior blending with the interior is clearly evident here.
421. At the center of the throne room is the gypsum throne of King Minos Around the walls are stone benches, probably for the priests. The wall painting, a modern reconstruction, shows griffins in a field of lilies. The lily is a symbol of royalty.
422. The throne of King Minos, the earliest surviving. throne of the western world. It is entirely carved from stone but made to appear as if it were wood.
423. These columns and bench, opposite the throne, divide the room from a small stairway leading to a room below. This is a good example of a column with a black shaft and red capital. The capital is decorated with white and black bands.
424. The great stairway leads to the upper stories of the royal quarters. Note the quality of stone work lacks the precision of the Egyptians.
425. On the top story there is an inner court and peristyle. The courtyard permits light and air to pass through the apartment on all levels.
426. A cross section of two levels of the courtyard.
427. The ground level of the stairwell which adjoins the royal apartments
428. At the bottom of the grand stairway is the hall of colonnades.
429. The queen's apartment or megaron consisted of a fairly spacious suite of rooms.
430. The queen's bathroom and bathtub, adjacent to the room above. There also was a room with a toilet that flushed. Note the elegant symbolic waves as a decorative frieze.
431. Until Roman times Minoan plumbing and drainage was the most advanced in the west.
432. Large jars of pithoi, which stored many of the palace's needs, are kept in magazines in the basement of the palace.
433. The decorated storage jars. They stand as much as six feet high.
434. This circular altar or kernos was found at the palace at Malia. It was used to offer the year's first fruits to the gods.
435. Typical Minoan houses are represented on these small faience plaques. In common with the palace, the houses have no windows on the ground floor.
436. The mother goddess, also known as the snake goddess, is the source of all life and the central figure in Minoan religion. Here she is represented in elaborate court dress, exposing her breasts. She holds two snakes which symbolize the mysterious life. On her hat sits a lion.
447. A terra-cotta female idol covered with breasts. Later you will note this same form of decoration on a libation jug.
448. The double axe, probably a female symbol and an emblem of the goddess, is the most pervasive Minoan sign. It was called the labrys.
439. The figure of the powerful and virile bull appears throughout Minoan civilization. In this fresco of bull-jumping, an athlete has leaped over the bull's horns and is about to flip over the bull's hind legs to the waiting woman.
440. This life-size plaster mural of a bull is from the royal gate at the north propylaeum.
441. A rhyton (libation vase) in the shape of a massive bull's head. It is made of steatite, with eyes of rock crystal -and horns of gilded wood. The natural quality of the bull is outstanding.
442. An exquisite pear-shaped rhyton of rock crystal.
443. In a fresco fragment, a young man carries a rhyton in a religious procession. Notice the warm, friendly color tone in this as well as other Minoan paintings.
444. The famous priestess -known as La Parisienne from a fresco showing libation offerings.
445. This ornamental fresco gave essential information for. the reconstruction of columns and decorative details.

THE CORINTHIAN ORDER

446. Temple to the Olympian Zeus, Athens (4th century BC-1st century AD)
447. Temple to Castor (the Dioskouroi), in the Roman Forum

HADRIAN

448. Hadrian
449. The Pantheon (118-128) now called S. Maria della Rotonda. Dedicated to the twelve Olympian gods, the present temple replaced an two earlier ones; the first, built by Marcus Agrippa in , was destroyed in the great fire of 80 AD, was rebuilt by Domitian but burned again in 110 AD.
450. Hadrian reconstructed the original inscription of Agrippa's first temple on the portico of his Pantheon, a building the design of which he may have been personal involved. The inscription reads: M. AGRIPPA L F COS TERTIUM FECIT
451. The interior of the Pantheon greets the visitor with an unexpected yet exhilerating explosion of space.
452. The concrete dome is stepped, that is, the drum, 20' at base, tapers in stages on the outside as it rises to its zenith at the "eye" or oculus, a hole thriy feet in diamter where the concrete is only 90" thick.
453. The concrete dome is stepped, that is, the drum, 20' at base, tapers in stages on the outside as it rises to its zenith at the "eye" or oculus, a hole thriy feet in diamter where the concrete is only 90" thick.
454. The walls themselves were reinforced with hidden brick relieving arches, and rather than appear as massive mural spaces, they were penetrated by alternating curved and square niches that act as piers to hold up the dome
455. Interior support of portico (porch)
456. Detail of Corinthian capital on rear exterior
457. Porch at junction of the drum
458. Back of the Pantheon from the Piazza di S. Maria sopra Minerva
459. Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli
460. "Piazza d'Oro" concrete dome shell
461. Pumpkin dome aedicule
462. Teatro marittimo colonnade around water
463. The piscina or reflecting pool, surround by copies of Greek sculptures
464. The Tomb of Hadrian (now the Castel Sant'Angelo) Rome
465. The Tomb of Hadrian (now the Castel Sant'Angelo) Rome
466. Temple to the Divine Hadrian, dedicated in 145 AD, now incorporated into the building of the Borsa (Campus Martius).

MONUMENTS

Acrocorinth
467. Acrocorinth. The Acropolis of Corinth.
The summit is 1800 feet above sea level. Many shrines dedicated to female deities
were build there, including the famous and wealthy temple of Aphrodite.
468. The walls of Acrocorinth.
469. The entrance of Acrocorinth.
470. The tower of Acrocorinth
471. The entrance to the fortress.
472. A back view of Acrocorinth from the Tripoli - Corinth highway.
473. The seven surviving monolithic Doric columns of the temple of Apollo.
The temple is dated around 550 BC. It was build in the same place, where
an older temple of Apollo existed in the years of Kypselidae, 100 years before.

Octavia's Temple

474. The three surviving columns of the great temple build in memory of Octavia. Around the temple were arcades and it was build on top of podium.
475. From these stairs, on the south portico, people were entering the city walking through the paved white stone
road of Lechaeon, connecting the city with their port. On both sides of the road were arcades with shops.
During the 5th century BC, the Corinthians build long walls, on both sides of the road, in order to protect the port
476. From these stairs, on the south portico, people were entering the city walking through the paved white stone
road of Lechaeon, connecting the city with their port. On both sides of the road were arcades with shops.
During the 5th century BC, the Corinthians build long walls, on both sides of the road, in order to protect the port
477. From these stairs, on the south portico, people were entering the city walking through the paved white stone road of Lechaeon, connecting the city with their port. On both sides of the road were arcades with shops.
During the 5th century BC, the Corinthians build long walls, on both sides of the road, in order to protect the port
478. Among other remains, the Peirene spring (at the right).
479. The three arches (two only remain) were added during
the 2nd century BC, from the emperor Herode Atticus.
In the background you can see Acrocorinth.
480. The six openings in all, were leading in basins where
they drew the water, descending a few steps.
481. The Peirene spring with the six openings.
482. Basilica
483. Odeion
484. The great project was constructed by Periander and it was joining the eastern port of Kenchreae, in the Saronic gulf, and the western port of Lechaeon, in the Corinthian gulf. The photograph shows just a small part of the stone road, on which wheeled platforms carried the ships.
485. It was Periander who first considered to open a Canal through the Isthmos. Demetrios Poliorketes seriously considered the idea and started working on it, but he was warned that the difference in sea levels would drawn Aigina and other small islands. Nero sent 6000 slave Jews who dug a ditch 3300 meters in length and 40 meters wide, but the project was abandoned. Herod of Atticos, the Byzantines, the Venetians, they all tried. The Canal was opened after the Greek independence and between the years 1882 - 1893. It is 6346m long, and the width is 24,6m at sea level, the depth of the sea is 8m.